In a study examining the neural pathway linking audtory perception to motor skills, brain scans of study participants who were tone-deaf—those unable to differentiate between or produce sounds of various pitches—revealed many fewer fibers on the arcuate fasciculus, the pathway connecting the frontal and temporal lobes, than there were In a control group of non-tone-deaf people. In 90 percent of the tone-deaf participants, researchers could not detect the superior branch of the arcuate fasciculus. The researchers concluded that they had found the anatomical cause of tone deafness.
Which of the following would, if true, indicate a major flaw in the researchers' reasoning?
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