“If proper water treatment is not feasible or consistently maintained, upgrading the metallurgy of exchanger tubes to more corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel or titanium may be necessary.”
“This is especially important in seawater or brackish water cooling applications or in once-through systems.”
(Reference: API RP 571, Section 4.3.1.1 – Cooling Water Corrosion)
Thus, the most effective long-term solution in cases of uncontrolled water quality is to upgrade metallurgy, making option C correct.
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