The most common basis for the concept of race isphenotype, which refers to observable physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, and facial features. While genotype (genetic makeup) and ethnicity (cultural identity) are important, race has historically and socially been categorized primarily by outward physical traits. This understanding is foundational in multicultural counseling, as it helps counselors recognize how clients might be perceived and treated in society.
[Reference:Helwig, A. A. (2020).CPCE Study Guide and Review;Gladding, S. T. (2018).Counseling: A Comprehensive Profession (8th Edition)., ]
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