Multifactor authentication (MFA) requires two or more independent credentials from different categories: something you know, something you have, and something you are. Mobile applications (such as authenticator apps) and Short Message Service (SMS) text codes are common second factors, representing "something you have." Video surveillance, access control lists, door locks, and login scripts are security controls but not authentication factors for logging into a system. The official CompTIA Core 2 content highlights mobile authenticators and SMS as standard MFA methods to secure systems against unauthorized access.
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