CAPWAP (Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points):Modern standard protocol for tunneling management and data frames between APs and WLCs.
GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation):Sometimes used by vendors as an alternative tunneling method, especially for data transport.
From CWDP-305:
“CAPWAP is the most widely used protocol for communication between access points and controllers. GRE is also utilized in some vendor implementations for tunneling user data.”
— Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on Infrastructure Design
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