Soft multitenancy(Namespaces, RBAC, Network Policies) → assumes some level of trust between tenants, focuses onresource sharing and efficiency.
Hard multitenancy(separate clusters or strong virtualization) → strict isolation, used when tenants are untrusted.
Exact extract (CNCF TAG Security Multi-Tenancy Whitepaper):
“Soft multi-tenancy refers to multiple workloads running in the same cluster with some trust assumptions. It provides resource sharing and operational efficiency. Hard multi-tenancy requires stronger isolation guarantees, typically separate clusters.”
[References:, CNCF Security TAG — Multi-Tenancy Whitepaper:https://github.com/cncf/tag-security/tree/main/multi-tenancy, ]
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