To upgrade or install a new Cisco IOS image on a router, you typically copy the IOS image file from a TFTP server into the router’s flash memory. The correct syntax is:
copy tftp flash
This command tells the router to copy the IOS image from a TFTP server into flash storage, where it can be booted.
Cisco IOS Documentation – Image Upgrade Process:
“Use the command copy tftp flash to transfer an IOS image from a TFTP server to the router’s flash memory.”
Other options:
A: copy tftp run – invalid; you cannot copy into the running-config that way
B: copy tftp start – used to copy configuration, not IOS image
C: config net – an older and deprecated command, not for IOS upgrades
Final Answer: DQUESTION NO: 122 [RouterOS Introduction – ICMP and Diagnostics]
Which protocol does Ping use?
A. TCP
B. ARP
C. ICMP
D. BootP
Answer: C
Ping is a diagnostic utility used to test reachability between devices. It sends ICMP Echo Request packets and waits for ICMP Echo Replies. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is used for these types of control messages and is encapsulated within IP.
MTCNA Course Material – Diagnostic Tools:
“Ping uses ICMP Echo Requests to verify if a destination is reachable. It does not use TCP or UDP.”
René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – Ping and ICMP:
“Ping uses ICMP, not TCP or ARP. ICMP packets are used to check basic connectivity.”
MikroTik Wiki – Ping Tool Description:
“Ping works by sending ICMP packets. It cannot use TCP.”
Other options:
TCP: Used by protocols like HTTP, FTP
ARP: Resolves IP to MAC, not used for ping
BootP: DHCP-related protocol, not diagnostic
Final Answer: CQUESTION NO: 123 [Cisco – Frame Relay Troubleshooting]
What command will display the line, protocol, DLCI, and LMI information of an interface?
A. sh pvc
B. show interface
C. show frame-relay pvc
D. show run
Answer: C
In Cisco IOS, to display detailed Frame Relay virtual circuit information, including the line status, protocol status, DLCI (Data Link Connection Identifier), and LMI (Local Management Interface) details, the correct command is:
show frame-relay pvc
Cisco IOS Command Reference – Frame Relay:
“The show frame-relay pvc command displays information about PVC status, including DLCI numbers and LMI statistics.”
Breakdown:
A: sh pvc – shorthand and ambiguous, may not be recognized
B: show interface – general interface stats but lacks detailed LMI/DLCI info
C: show frame-relay pvc –✔correct, provides detailed DLCI/LMI info
D: show run – shows current configuration, not real-time PVC status
Final Answer: CQUESTION NO: 124 [Networking Fundamentals – Ethernet and Switching]
How many collision domains are created when you segment a network with a 12-port switch?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 5
D. 12
Answer: D
Each port on a switch creates its own collision domain. Unlike hubs (which extend a single collision domain), switches segment each interface, allowing full-duplex communication and eliminating collisions.
MTCNA Course Material – Ethernet Switching Concepts:
“Each switch port is a separate collision domain. A 24-port switch creates 24 separate collision domains.”
René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – Collision and Broadcast Domains:
“Switches break up collision domains per port, unlike hubs.”
Therefore, a 12-port switch creates 12 individual collision domains.
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