In the single-leg squat assessment, inward movement of the knee (valgus collapse) indicates possible overactivity in muscles that internally rotate and abduct the hip, combined with underactivity in muscles that externally rotate and abduct the hip. NASM’s movement assessment guidelines identify the tensor fascia latae (TFL), along with the adductor complex and vastus lateralis, as common overactive contributors to knee valgus. The Study Guide links this compensation to “altered length–tension relationships” where overactive TFL can inhibit the gluteus medius and maximus, leading to poor hip stabilization. The valgus motion increases stress on the knee joint and the kinetic chain above and below it. The corrective strategy involves inhibiting and lengthening the overactive TFL through self-myofascial release and static stretching, while activating the underactive gluteal muscles and integrating functional movement patterns. In contrast, the gluteus medius and maximus are typically underactive in this scenario, and the VMO plays a role in patellar tracking rather than causing knee valgus.
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