Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted genital infection and is manifested in males primarily as urethritis and in
females as mucopurulent cervicitis. Clinical manifestations of urethritis are often difficult to distinguish from
gonorrhea and include mucopurulent discharges of scant or moderate quantity, urethral itching, and burning on
urination. Possible complications or sequelae of male urethral infections include epididymitis, infertility, and Reiter
syndrome. In homosexual men, receptive anorectal intercourse might result in chlamydial proctitis. In women, the
clinical manifestations might be similar to those of gonorrhea and frequently present as a mucopurulent endocervical
discharge, with edema, erythema, and easily induced endocervical bleeding caused by inflammation of the
endocervical columnar epithelium. However, up to 70% of sexually active women with chlamydial infections are
asymptomatic. Complications and sequelae include salpingitis with subsequent risk of infertility, ectopic pregnancy,
or chronic pelvic pain. Asymptomatic chronic infections of the endometrium and fallopian tubes might lead to the
same outcome.Physiological Adaptation
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