A geographic role associates each value in a field with a latitude and longitude value.
Assigning a geographic role based on the type of location (such as state versus postcode) helps ensure that your data is plotted correctly on your map view. For example, you can assign the City geographic role to a field that contains a list of city names.
To assign a geographic role to a field:
In the Data pane, click the data type icon next to the field, select Geographic Role, and then select the geographic role you want to assign to the field.
When you assign a geographic role to a field, Tableau adds two fields to the Measures area of the Data pane: Latitude (generated) and Longitude (generated).
These fields contain latitude and longitude values and are assigned the Latitude and Longitude geographic roles. If you double-click each of these fields, Tableau adds them to the Columns and Rows shelves and creates a map view using the Tableau background map.
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