Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem or perform a task, typically expressed as a sequence of instructions. According to foundational programming principles, algorithms are actionable, ordered, and finite processes.
Option A: "The sign of two integers determines the sign of the product." This is incorrect. This is a mathematical rule or observation (e.g., positive × positive = positive), not a sequence of steps to solve a problem.
Option B: "The list contains apples, bananas, and oranges." This is incorrect. This is a data description, not a procedure or algorithm.
Option C: "A webpage uses an HTML file type." This is incorrect. This is a statement about file format, not a step-by-step process.
Option D: "Unplug the device, wait 30 seconds, and restart the device." This is correct. This is a clear, ordered sequence of steps to troubleshoot a device, qualifying as an algorithm.
Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Algorithms).
Cormen, T.H., et al., Introduction to Algorithms, 3rd Edition (Chapter 1: The Role of Algorithms).
W3Schools: “What is an Algorithm?” (general programming principles).
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