Pass the Huawei HCIP Transmission H31-341_V2.5 Questions and answers with ValidTests

When LCK (Lock) is inserted in the local ODUk PM overhead, the downstream site processes it by (A) inserting the ODUk PM BDI (Backward Defect Indication) alarm back to the upstream site and (D) reporting the ODUk_PM_LCK alarm locally. This mechanism allows upstream devices to be aware of downstream lock conditions, enabling coordinated protection actions. HCIP-Transmission highlights these procedures as part of OTN fault propagation and monitoring to maintain network stability and rapid fault response.

Insertion loss refers to the decrease of optical power that occurs when light passes through a passive optical component such as connectors, splitters, filters, or splices. This loss results from absorption, scattering, or imperfect coupling within the component. In optical transmission systems, insertion loss is a critical parameter affecting link budget and overall signal quality. HCIP-Transmission materials stress managing insertion loss to ensure sufficient power reaches the receiver and to maintain the integrity of transmitted signals over long distances. Proper component selection and maintenance help minimize insertion loss in WDM systems.

An IP subnet mask of 27 bits means 32 - 27 = 5 bits are left for host addresses. The number of hosts per subnet is 2^5 - 2 = 30. The subtraction of 2 accounts for the network address and broadcast address, which cannot be assigned to hosts. This calculation is fundamental in IP subnetting and is widely used in network design to allocate IP address ranges efficiently. HCIP-Transmission materials include these principles as part of the networking fundamentals necessary for transmission network engineers.

Among trigger conditions for automatic switching in client 1+1 protection, (A) is false. When SD (Signal Degrade) is disabled, the OTU board does not report an ODUk_PM_DEG alarm as a trigger for switching. Other triggers like the OTU board not detected, OTUk_LOF alarm, and R_LOS alarm reported by OLP or DCP boards are valid triggers for switching. This behavior prevents unnecessary protection switching when SD monitoring is disabled, which helps avoid service disruptions. HCIP-Transmission explains these nuances in protection switching logic to optimize network resilience and reliability.

When light passes through a passive optical component, the decrease in optical power is termed insertion loss. This is a fundamental concept in optical transmission where every component like connectors, splices, splitters, or filters adds some level of power attenuation. Managing insertion loss is crucial to maintain overall system performance, especially in long-haul or dense WDM systems where accumulated loss can degrade the signal. HCIP-Transmission emphasizes the importance of measuring and minimizing insertion loss to ensure system stability and reach requirements are met.

A common WDM service can be converted into an ODUk SNCP (Subnetwork Connection Protection) service. However, when an ODUk SNCP service is converted back into a common WDM service, the protection is interrupted, causing service disruption. This is because SNCP provides path-level protection with automatic switching, which is lost during conversion back to a simpler WDM configuration. HCIP-Transmission highlights this limitation in protection mechanisms when migrating between service types, important for network planning and service continuity management.

The statement that the value of FAS (Frame Alignment Signal) changes dynamically with different signals is false. The FAS is a fixed sequence placed at the start of the OTN frame structure to enable frame synchronization. It does not change dynamically, as its fixed pattern is crucial for reliable frame alignment and error detection. OTUk_LOF (Loss of Frame) alarms are generated when FAS framing fails, indicating synchronization loss. HCIP-Transmission stresses the fixed nature of FAS for consistent framing and alignment across the OTN network layers.

QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) modulation is a widely used modulation technique in advanced optical transmission systems. It offers several key benefits for long-haul and high-capacity networks. QPSK reduces the required Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio (OSNR), which improves system performance under noisy conditions. It also mitigates fiber nonlinear effects because the signal changes are more gradual compared to higher-level modulations. Moreover, QPSK improves tolerance to chromatic dispersion and Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD), two major impairments in fiber optics. These improvements lead to better signal integrity over longer distances and support higher data rates with fewer errors, making QPSK favorable in HCIP-Transmission environments where robust, high-capacity transmission is essential.

Among the differences between MPLS-TP OAM and MPLS OAM, the interval for sending OAM packets is not changed by canceling 3.3 ms and 10 ms values (D). This means these intervals remain in place or are not the key differentiators. The other options (A, B, C) correctly describe differences such as packet formats, label alarms (AIS, RD1, UNEXPMEG), and added functions (CC, AIS, LB, LT) unique to MPLS-TP OAM. HCIP-Transmission materials clarify these differences to aid in understanding the enhanced OAM capabilities for transport profile MPLS networks.