Pass the CWNP CWSA (Solutions Administrator) CWISA-103 Questions and answers with ValidTests

Coexistence Priority: Frequency coordination is the most critical aspect in ensuring that multiple wireless solutions function without significant interference.

Impact of Interference: Uncoordinated frequencies lead to:

Signal degradation: Reduced network performance and reliability.

Data errors and retransmissions: Inefficient operation and higher battery drain on devices.

ZigBee Channel Spacing: ZigBee channels in the 2.4 GHz band are spaced 5 MHz apart. This helps manage interference in the crowded 2.4 GHz spectrum.

Free Space Path Loss (FSPL): Describes how a radio signal weakens as it travels through open space, even without obstacles. It's caused by the signal spreading out, resulting in decreased power density at the receiver.

Calculation: FSPL depends on distance and frequency.

References

Free Space Path Loss: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-space_path_loss

PoE Splitter: A PoE splitter separates power and data from a PoE-enabled Ethernet cable, allowing the powering of non-PoE devices.

Other PoE Devices:

PoE Injector: Adds power to non-PoE Ethernet cable.

PoE Switch: Provides power directly through its ports.

SINR vs. SNR:

SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio): Measures the power of the desired signal relative to background noise.

SINR (Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio): Considers both background noise and interference from other signals operating on the same frequency.

Practical Importance: SINR is a more realistic indicator of real-world signal quality in wireless environments where interference is a significant factor.

References

SINR: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-interference-plus-noise_ratio

SNR: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio

Legacy Support: The primary reason to continue using older wireless technologies is the need to connect with devices that don't support newer standards (e.g., old sensors or equipment).

Other Reasons (Not as Strong):

Cost: Replacing legacy devices can be expensive.

Reliability: Some legacy technologies might be well-proven in specific settings.

Attenuation: Describes the progressive loss of signal strength as it travels through a medium (like air, cables, walls). It's caused by factors like absorption, distance, and obstacles.

Other Phenomena:

Diffraction: Bending of waves around obstacles.

Reflection: Waves bouncing off surfaces.

**Scattering: ** Waves dispersing in multiple directions.

References

Attenuation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation

RFID for Livestock: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags are the most widely used technology for livestock tracking and individual identification on large farms.

Benefits:

Unique ID: Each RFID tag has a unique code.

Data Storage: Some tags store information about the animal.

Durability: Tags withstand outdoor conditions.

Automated Reading: Tags can be scanned quickly.

References

RFID (General): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification

SSL/TLS Secures Web Traffic: HTTPS builds upon HTTP, adding the encryption provided by Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or its successor, Transport Layer Security (TLS).

Other Protocols Have Different Purposes:

IPSec: Secures IP traffic at a network level, can be used alongside TLS.

SNMPv3: Management protocol, offers security features, but not the primary mechanism in HTTPS.

SSH: Secure remote shell, unrelated to web data encryption.

IETF's Focus: The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) primarily develops and standardizes internet protocols operating at the Network Layer (Layer 3) and above in the OSI model.

Key Protocols: Some prominent IETF-developed protocols include:

IP (Internet Protocol): Foundation of internet addressing and routing.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Reliable, connection-oriented data transport.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Connectionless, best-effort data transport.

DNS (Domain Name System): Translates domain names into IP addresses.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Web communication.

References

IETF Website: https://www.ietf.org/

OSI Model: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model