Acute pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the renal parenchyma and collecting system. Classic clinical findings include fever, flank pain, leukocytosis (elevated white blood cells), and pyuria (white blood cells in urine). Ultrasound may demonstrate renal enlargement, decreased echogenicity, and loss of corticomedullary differentiation.
Nephrocalcinosis (A) involves calcium deposition without infection.
Staghorn calculus (B) may lead to infection but is primarily characterized by obstructive uropathy.
Renal cell carcinoma (C) presents with hematuria and mass formation rather than infection symptoms.
Reference Extracts:
Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th ed. Elsevier, 2017. Chapter: Kidneys.
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