Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is the most common cause of early graft dysfunction following renal transplantation. It results from ischemia-reperfusion injury during the transplantation process. Ultrasound findings may be nonspecific but Doppler may show elevated resistive indices.
Ureterocele (A) is a congenital anomaly.
Transplant artery stenosis (C) is a late complication.
Transitional cell carcinoma (D) is rare and not typically an early complication.
Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th ed. Elsevier, 2017.
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