Caput medusae refers to dilated paraumbilical veins due to portal hypertension. When portal venous pressure rises, collateral channels may open along the ligamentum teres and recanalized paraumbilical vein, resulting in visible dilated veins radiating from the umbilicus.
Esophageal varices (B) are gastroesophageal collaterals.
Coronary vein varices (C) involve gastric veins.
Splenic vein varices (D) are typically localized to the splenic hilum.
Reference Extracts:
Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th ed. Elsevier, 2017.
Gore RM, Levine MS. Textbook of Gastrointestinal Radiology. 4th ed. Saunders, 2015.
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