In CEH v13 Module 14: Cryptography, IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) is defined as a framework used to establish secure communication channels over IP networks, particularly in VPNs.
IPSec supports encryption, authentication, and integrity.
Operates in Tunnel Mode (VPNs) or Transport Mode (End-to-End).
Core protocols: AH (Authentication Header) and ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload).
Option Analysis:
A. PEM: Privacy Enhanced Mail (email encryption).
B. PPP: Point-to-Point Protocol (data link layer, not encryption).
C. IPSEC: VPN encryption protocol.
D. SET: Secure Electronic Transaction (used in payment systems, obsolete).
[Reference:, Module 14 – IPSec Overview in VPN Security, CEH eBook: Protocols Used in VPNs – IPSec, L2TP, PPTP, , ]
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