An ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) packet includes several fields essential for mapping IP addresses to MAC addresses. The fields include:
Source Protocol Address: Identifies the IP address of the requesting device.
Source Hardware Address: Contains the MAC address of the source.
Hardware Type: Indicates the hardware type, typically Ethernet.
Operation Code: Specifies the operation (request or reply). These fields collectively allow devices to resolve IP addresses to physical MAC addresses, enabling direct communication within the local network​.
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