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The exhibit shows log entries from the FSSO (Fortinet Single Sign-On) collector agent logs. These logs provide insights into why there might be issues with the collector agent connecting to workstations or the registry.

Remote registry is not running on the workstation: The failure to connect to the workstation registry can occur if the remote registry service on the workstation is not running. This service needs to be active to allow the FSSO collector agent to query the workstation for user login information.

DNS resolution is unable to resolve the workstation name: The logs indicate a failure in connecting to a workstation by name, which can happen if the DNS server is unable to resolve the workstation's name to an IP address. This is a common issue when the DNS settings are incorrect or the workstation name is not properly registered in the DNS.

A firewall is blocking traffic to port 139 and 445: Communication issues to the workstation or registry are often caused by firewall rules blocking essential ports. Ports 139 (NetBIOS) and 445 (SMB) are critical for these operations. Ensure these ports are open on both the workstation and any intermediate firewalls.

References

Fortinet Community Documentation on FSSO Troubleshooting

Fortinet Community on FSSO Collector Agent Issues

Refused Connection:A refused connection typically indicates a mismatch in the TCP port configuration between the FortiGate and the collector agent. Ensuring both are configured to use the same TCP port is crucial for proper connectivity.

Mismatched Pre-Shared Password:If the pre-shared password configured on the FortiGate does not match the one set on the collector agent, authentication will fail, leading to connectivity issues.

Inability to Reach IP Address:This can occur due to network issues such as incorrect routing, firewall rules blocking traffic, or the collector agent being down. Verifying network connectivity and the status of the collector agent is necessary to resolve this issue.

References:

Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting FSSO Connectivity Issues​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​.

BGP Advertisement:The output from the commandget router info bgp neighbors 100.64.2.254 advertised-routesshows the routes that the local router is advertising to its BGP neighbor.

Output Analysis:

TheNetworkcolumn lists the networks being advertised.

TheNext Hopcolumn indicates the next-hop IP address for these routes.

The line*> 10.20.30.40/24 100.64.2.1indicates that the 10.20.30.40/24 network is being advertised with a next-hop of 100.64.2.1.

Local Router's Role:Since the output lists the advertised routes, it means that the local router (with router ID 172.16.1.254) is advertising the 10.20.30.40/24 network to its neighbor 100.64.2.254.

This confirms that the local router is indeed advertising the specified network to its BGP neighbor.

References:

Fortinet Documentation: Understanding BGP Route Advertisements​(Fortinet Document Library)​​(Fortinet Docs)​.

The exhibit displays the output of a real-time debug of the URL filtering process on a FortiGate device. The debug output includes various details about a web request being processed.

SNI (Server Name Indication): This is part of the SSL/TLS handshake where the client specifies the hostname it is trying to connect to. FortiGate can use this information to apply appropriate web filtering rules based on the server name.

CN (Common Name): This is a field in the server's SSL certificate that typically contains the server's hostname. FortiGate can extract this information to verify the identity of the server and apply security policies accordingly.

Given that the debug output includes the hostname "training.fortinet.com," it is likely derived from the SNI in the client's request or the CN in the server's certificate, indicating that FortiGate is using this information to process the web request.

References

Fortinet Community Documentation on Real-time Debugging

Examine the OSPF debug output:

The OSPF Hello packet debug output shows the Router ID as0.0.0.112.

It shows that the OSPF packet is being sent from0.0.0.112viaport2:192.168.37.114.

The OSPF Hello packet contains information such as the network mask (255.255.255.0), hello interval (10), router priority (1), dead interval (40), and designated router (192.168.37.114) and backup designated router (192.168.37.115).

Check the area configuration:

The area ID is shown as0.0.0.0, indicating that the two devices attempting adjacency are in area0.0.0.0.

Authentication mismatch:

The debug output indicates an "Authentication type mismatch". This means one device is configured to require authentication while the other is not.

Password configuration:

The statement claiming that "A password has been configured on the local OSPF router but is not shown in the output" is false because the output indicates an authentication mismatch, not the presence or absence of a password. The other statements are true based on the provided debug output.

References

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

OSPF Configuration Guides

The commanddiagnose test application ipsmonitor 5is used to restart all IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) engines and monitors on the FortiGate device. This command is part of the diagnostic tools available for troubleshooting and maintaining the IPS functionality on the FortiGate.

Running this command forces the IPS system to reset and reinitialize, which can be useful in situations where the IPS functionality appears to be malfunctioning or not responding correctly.

This action helps in clearing any issues that might have arisen due to internal errors or misconfigurations, ensuring that the IPS engines operate correctly after the restart.

IKE_SA_INIT:

This is the first exchange in IKEv2. It establishes a secure, authenticated channel between peers and negotiates cryptographic algorithms and keys.

IKE_Auth:

The second exchange authenticates the IKE SA (Security Association) using the previously negotiated keys and algorithms. This exchange also establishes the first IPsec SA.

Create_CHILD_SA:

This exchange creates additional IPsec SAs after the initial authentication. It can also be used to rekey existing IPsec SAs to maintain security.

Informational:

This is a generic exchange used for various purposes such as error notification, deletion of SAs, and other control messages.

References:

Fortinet Community: IKEv2 packet exchanges and troubleshooting

Fortinet Documentation: IPsec VPN Concepts

Anti-replay Enabled:

The exhibit showsreplay: enabled, which confirms that anti-replay is enabled for this IPsec tunnel. Anti-replay is a security feature that prevents replay attacks by ensuring that packets are not duplicated or reused.

NPU Acceleration:

TheNPU acceleration: encryption (outbound) decryption (inbound)line indicates that Network Processing Unit (NPU) acceleration is used.

The npu_flag for this tunnel is 02. This indicates that encryption and decryption are handled by the NPU, improving the performance of the VPN tunnel.

References:

Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting IPsec VPN Tunnels​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​.

Fortinet Documentation: Verifying IPsec VPN Tunnels​(Fortinet Docs)​​(Fortinet Docs)​.

Logon Event on Collector Agent:The debug output indicates that the logon event is recorded, showing that the collector agent on Windows is logging user activities and transmitting this data to the FortiGate.

DC Agent Mode:The presence of detailed logon events and their corresponding metadata, such as the domain and workstation information, suggests that the FortiGate is using DC agent mode. This mode involves an agent installed on the Domain Controller (DC) to capture and forward logon events.

References:

Fortinet Community: How FSSO Works and Troubleshooting Steps​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Fortinet GURU)​.

The BGP summary output shows the state of the 10.200.3.1 peer as "Connect." This state indicates that the local router has attempted to initiate a BGP session with the peer, but the peer has not yet responded to the initial connection request.

State Explanation: The "Connect" state in BGP indicates that the TCP connection has been initiated but is waiting for a response. If the peer does not respond within the configured timers, the session will transition to the "Active" state and retry the connection.

Possible Causes: This can occur due to network issues preventing the peer from responding, a misconfiguration on the peer device, or issues like access control lists (ACLs) blocking the BGP traffic.

To troubleshoot, check the connectivity between the routers, ensure that the BGP configurations on both sides match, and verify that there are no firewalls or ACLs blocking the BGP packets.

References

Fortinet Documentation on BGP Troubleshooting

Fortinet Community Discussion on BGP State Issues