Pass the GAQM: Management CITM-001 Questions and answers with ValidTests

Structured design and object-oriented design are two common approaches to design a system. Structured design is a method of breaking down a system into smaller and simpler modules, which can be independently created and tested. Structured design follows a top-down approach, where the system is divided into sub-systems, and then into modules, until the desired level of detail is reached. Structured design is suitable for systems that have well-defined inputs and outputs, and a clear hierarchy of functions. Object-oriented design is a method of modeling a system as a collection of objects, which have attributes and behaviors. Object-oriented design follows a bottom-up approach, where the system is built from reusable and interchangeable components, called classes. Object-oriented design is suitable for systems that have complex interactions, dynamic behavior, and multiple inheritance. Functional design and organizational design are not considered to design a system, but rather to describe the system’s purpose and structure. Functional design is a process of defining the functions and processes that the system performs, and how they relate to each other. Functional design focuses on the what and why of the system, rather than the how. Organizational design is a process of defining the roles and responsibilities of the people and units involved in the system, and how they communicate and coordinate with each other. Organizational design focuses on the who and where of the system, rather than the how. References: Structured Design - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics, Object-Oriented Design - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics, Functional Design - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics, [Organizational Design - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics]

Functional design is a design approach that focuses on the functionality and performance of a system, rather than its structure or appearance. Functional design usually begins with specifying the desired output, such as the goals, objectives, and requirements of the system, and then derives the input, processes, and data needed to achieve the output. Functional design can be applied to various types of systems, such as software, hardware, or business processes. Functional design is often contrasted with other design approaches, such as organizational design, object-oriented design, and structured design, which have different emphases and methods. References:

System Analysis & Design - System Design1

Process models in design and development2

B. Engineering Design3

An analytic decision maker looks for quantitative information, or data that can be counted or measured in numerical values. An analytic decision maker uses logic, facts, and statistics to make decisions, and prefers objective and structured data. A heuristic decision maker, on the other hand, looks for qualitative information, or data that is descriptive and not expressed numerically. A heuristic decision maker uses intuition, experience, and judgment to make decisions, and prefers subjective and unstructured data. References: CITM Study Guide, page 8, section 2.3; What is Quantitative Data?, paragraph 2.

 Classes are a representation of some real-world thing and a number of specific instances of that thing. Classes define the common characteristics and behaviors of a group of objects, such as properties, methods, and events. Objects are individual instances of classes that can have different values for the properties and variables defined by the class. Procedures are blocks of code that perform a specific task or function. Links are connections between objects that allow communication and interaction. References: Objects and Classes – Programming Fundamentals, Objects and classes - Visual Basic, Object-Oriented Programming: Objects, Classes & Methods