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Must use the latest version of VMware vSphere

This is a constraint because the design must adhere to the specific requirement of using the latest version of VMware vSphere. This limits the possible versions or features that can be incorporated into the solution.

Must use VMXNET3 virtual network interface card

This is also a constraint because it mandates the use of a specific virtual network interface card (VMXNET3), restricting the design to that particular choice for network connectivity.

This is the business objective that translates to a conceptual model constraint, as it is an external requirement that must be met by the system design, influencing how the architecture should be shaped. Compliance audits often dictate specific standards, security, and operational procedures that must be adhered to, which restricts the design choices in terms of governance and best practices.

VMware vCenter instance in each management domain for the virtual infrastructure management of management workloads:

The customer requiresisolation between management and compute workloads. By deployingvCenter instances in dedicated management domains, the management workloads can be handled separately from production and development compute workloads, ensuring isolation.

VMware vCenter instance in the secondary site management domain for the virtual infrastructure management of production compute workloads:

Thesecondary siteshould also have avCenter instancefor the management ofproduction compute workloads. This ensures thatoperational managementof production workloads is still possible even in the event of adisaster affecting the primary site, which aligns with the requirement to ensure themanagement of compute workloads in the secondary site.

VMware vCenter instance in the primary site management domain for the virtual infrastructure management of production compute workloads:

AvCenter instancein theprimary site management domainshould handle themanagement of production compute workloads. The primary site is typically where most production workloads reside, and having the vCenter instance here ensures that management operations can be performed efficiently.

Separate management domain within each site for hosting local management workloads:

To ensure thatmanagement operations are isolatedand that themanagement workloads do not affect compute workloads, aseparate management domainshould be deployed in each site. This ensures that the management functions do not consume compute resources that are intended for production or development workloads.

Based on VMware vSphere 8.x Advanced documentation and VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) resources, the architect needs to identify the benefit of using workload domains in a VCF environment. Workload domains are a core construct in VCF, designed to simplify the deployment and management of Software-Defined Data Center (SDDC) components, including vSphere, vSAN, NSX, and vCenter.

Analysis of Workload Domains in VCF:

Workload Domains: In VCF, workload domains are logical units that group compute, storage, and networking resources to host specific workloads (e.g., production, development, or DMZ). They include a vSphere cluster, vSAN storage, NSX networking, and a dedicated vCenter instance, managed through the SDDC Manager.

Purpose: Workload domains provide isolation, scalability, and simplified management by automating the deployment and configuration of SDDC components according to VMware’s best practices.

Evaluation of Options:

A. Workload domains require separate instances of vCenter, decreasing complexity and management overhead:

Why incorrect: While workload domains do include a dedicated vCenter instance for each domain to ensure isolation and independent management, this increases management overhead rather than decreasing it. Each vCenter instance requires separate administration, monitoring, and patching, which adds complexity compared to a single vCenter managing multiple clusters. This is not a benefit.

AES-NI BIOS setting:

Encryption, especially VM Encryption in vSphere, is CPU-intensive because it requires the processing power to encrypt and decrypt data. By enabling AES-NI (Advanced Encryption Standard New Instructions) in the BIOS, ESXi hosts can take advantage of hardware-based acceleration for encryption tasks. This reduces the load on the CPU, thus improving the performance of encryption operations and lowering CPU utilization.

De-duplication effectiveness:

When data is encrypted at the ESXi host level (via VM Encryption), the deduplication process on the storage system becomes less effective. This is because encrypted data is presented as random data, meaning that even identical data blocks will appear different due to encryption. Therefore, deduplication technologies that rely on identifying duplicate data blocks will not be able to achieve the same level of efficiency when the data is encrypted at rest.

The goal here is to ensure that, in the event of a host failure, the workloads are restarted in the correct order based on their dependencies:

Workload 3 (Identity Broker) is required by both Application A and Application B as a dependency. It needs to be set to High Restart Priority, ensuring that it is restarted before the other dependent workloads.

Workload 4 (Reporting Tool) is required by Application B and Application C, so it should be set to High Restart Priority to ensure it is available before the other dependent workloads (like Workload 5).

Workload 5 (Management Tool) is required by Application C and should have a Medium Restart Priority, meaning it will be restarted after Workload 4.

Workloads 1 and 2 (Self-Service Portal and Database) have Low Restart Priority because they are dependent on Workload 3 (and Workload 4), but they do not have further critical dependencies after Workload 3, so they should be restarted last in the event of a failure.

This setup ensures that all applications can be recovered properly in the event of a host failure, with each workload restarting in the correct order to maintain the application dependencies.

TheMaximum Tolerable Downtime (MTD)is the maximum time that an application or system can be unavailable before it negatively impacts the business. TheMTDis calculated by adding theRecovery Time Objective (RTO)to theWork Recovery Time (WRT). Here’s how it applies to each workload type:

Critical Workloads:

- RTO:1 hour (time to restore the system to a usable state after failure).

- WRT:12 hours (the time to get the application fully back to service).

- MTD = RTO + WRT = 1 hour + 12 hours = 13 hours.

Production Workloads:

- RTO:12 hours (time to restore the system to a usable state after failure).

- WRT:24 hours (time to get the application fully back to service).

- MTD = RTO + WRT = 12 hours + 24 hours = 36 hours.

Development Workloads:

- RTO:24 hours (time to restore the system to a usable state after failure).

- WRT:24 hours (time to get the application fully back to service).

- MTD = RTO + WRT = 24 hours + 24 hours = 48 hours.

VMware NSX: NSX provides a centralized platform for network virtualization and security, which aligns with the requirement for enforcing virtual network security policies. It can manage network segmentation, security policies, and micro-segmentation across the entire environment, including both virtual machines and containerized applications.

Distributed Firewalls: NSX's distributed firewall allows for micro-segmentation, meaning that network access is denied between workloads by default, and access controls can be applied based on security policies. This meets the requirement of denying network access by default.

Port Mirroring: Port mirroring in NSX can integrate with the security team's network monitoring solutions. It enables the security team to capture traffic for monitoring and analysis, addressing the requirement for network monitoring support.

To meet the customer requirements, we need to address the two specific scenarios:

Workloads must be automatically relocated to other hosts in the event that a host hardware is marked as degraded:

This requirement can be fulfilled by Proactive HA. Proactive HA is a feature of vSphere HA that works in conjunction with hardware health monitoring tools, such as the vendor’s plugin for vCenter. When the vendor's monitoring tool marks a host as degraded (due to hardware issues), Proactive HA can automatically trigger the migration of workloads to other hosts, based on the Automation Level configuration.

Workloads must be automatically restarted on other hosts in the event of a host failure:

This can be managed using vSphere HA with the setting to restart VMs when a host fails. This ensures that in the event of a host failure, workloads are automatically restarted on available hosts in the cluster.

By enabling Proactive HA with an Automation Level of Automated, the architect ensures that degraded hosts are automatically handled (through workload migration) without manual intervention.

Enable vSphere with Tanzu on a cluster deployed at a remote location.

VMware Cloud Foundation remote clusters can be deployed to extend the functionality of vSphere with Tanzu to remote locations. This allows for containerized workloads to be managed and orchestrated using the same tools as the primary environment, providing consistent management of Tanzu clusters across multiple sites.

Provide resources for virtual machines at an edge location.

Remote clusters can be deployed at edge locations to provide computing resources for workloads that need to run close to the data source. This use case is particularly useful for applications that require low latency or need to process data locally before sending it to the central cloud infrastructure.