Pass the ISTQB Advance Level ISTQB-CTAL-TA Questions and answers with ValidTests

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:

Defect-based techniquesuse the knowledge of defects that have occurred in the past to develop test cases that target similar types of issues.

Option Ccorrectly states that defect-based testing focuses on using known defect types as the basis for designing tests.

Option Ais incorrect because defect-based testing can be applied at various levels, not just the component level.

Option Bis incorrect since defect-based techniques do not necessarily guarantee more systematic coverage than black-box techniques.

Option Dis incorrect because defect-based testing focuses on detecting specific defect types rather than verifying requirements early.

Hence, the correct answer isC (In defect-based testing, the type of defect sought is used as the basis for test design).

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:

Decision Table Analysis:

Age:Valid ranges (18-69), excludes those aged ≥70 or <18 (2 valid values).

Alcohol Consumption:≤14 units, >14 units (2 values).

Smoking Status:Smoker, Non-smoker (2 values).

Employment Status:Full-time, Not full-time (2 values).

After removinginfeasible combinations(like age <18 or ≥70), the possible combinations are reduced.

2 (age) x 2 (alcohol) x 2 (smoker) x 2 (employment) = 16possible combinations.

However, some combinations are logicallycollapsedor omitted, as irrelevant conditions are not covered.

After this collapsing, the total number ofnecessary test casesis8.

Therefore, the correct answer isB (8).

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

The use case has onebasic behavior(happy path) where all steps are completed without any errors.

In addition, there are7 error-handling cases (E1 to E7)that each require a separate test case to verify that the system correctly handles each error condition.

Therefore, the total number of test cases required is:

1 basic behavior test case

7 error-handling test cases

1+7=8

Hence, the correct answer isB (8).

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:

Project C:Since therequirements are vague and inconsistent, creatinghigh-level test casesis more suitable. High-level test cases are flexible and allow for interpretation, which is crucial when requirements are not clearly defined.

Project D:Since the project aims forregression testing,low-level test casesare more appropriate. They are detailed and specific, essential for consistency during repeated manual or automated regression testing.

Therefore, the correct answer isD (Project C - High level test cases. Project D - Low level test cases).

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:

InAgile projects, theTest Analyst’s involvementtypically startsat the beginning of the project.

Test Analysts workcollaboratively with developers, product owners, and other team membersfrom the outset to ensure thattesting is integrated into the development process.

Option A (Beginning of the first iteration)is too late since planning and discussing test approaches begin earlier.

Option B (After signing off user stories)contradicts the Agile principle of continuous involvement.

Option C (In parallel with coding)also occurs too late since testing considerations should start during planning.

The correct answer isD (At the beginning of the project).

The test case D is needed to complete the test set and achieve minimum class coverage, based on the classification tree. A classification tree is a technique that shows thecombinations of inputs and outputs for a given scenario using a graphical representation of classes and subclasses. Minimum class coverage is achieved when at least one representative of each class is tested. The classes for this scenario are:

Power Unit: Petrol, Electric, Hybrid

Body Style: Saloon, Hatchback, SUV

The test case D covers the class Power Unit Hybrid and the class Body Style Hatchback, which are not covered by any other test case. Verified References: [ISTQB® Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Analyst CTAL-TA], Section 3.5.1, page 41.

 Four test conditions to be identified from requirements REQ2 and REQ3 are not covered by the three test cases. A test condition is an item or event of a component or systemthat could be verified by one or more test cases, such as a function, transaction, feature, quality attribute, or structural element. The test conditions to be identified from REQ2 and REQ3 are:

Number of hours exposed to the sun = A

Number of hours exposed to the sun = B

Number of hours exposed to the sun = C

Intensity of sun radiation = low

Intensity of sun radiation = medium

Intensity of sun radiation = high

Intensity of sun radiation = extreme

The test conditions that are not covered by the three test cases are:

Number of hours exposed to the sun = A

Intensity of sun radiation = low

Intensity of sun radiation = high

Intensity of sun radiation = extreme

Verified References: [ISTQB® Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Analyst CTAL-TA], Section 2.2.1, page 21.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)focuses ontesting at the edgesof the input range.

The critical boundaries are around thenew commission banding change (from £500 to £749).

To fully test this change, BVA should include:

Lower boundary:£499, £500

Transition points:£749, £750

Upper boundary:£999, £1000

Therefore, the correct answer isD (£499, £500, £749, £750, £999, £1000).

The best way to identify the exploratory tests is to create test charters to be used to guide the testing. A test charter is a document that defines the scope, objectives, and approach of an exploratory testing session. A test charter helps to focus the testing on the most important aspects of the system under test and provides a structure for reporting and learning from the testing results. Verified References: [ISTQB® Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Analyst CTAL-TA], Section 3.7.2, page 46.

The technique that is most likely to support the required functional correctness testing is state transition testing. State transition testing is a technique that tests the behavior of a system or component based on its states and transitions between them. This technique is suitable for testing a system that has different modes or states depending on the input values or events, such as a car navigation system. Verified References: [ISTQB® Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Analyst CTAL-TA], Section 3.4.1, page 39.