A 62-year-old woman is referred to your clinic for evaluation of hypercalcemia. She has a history of hypertension and vitamin D deficiency. Her medications include hydrochlorothiazide and vitamin D supplements. Laboratory investigations are as follows:
Calcium: 2.72 mmol/L (↑)
Phosphate: 0.9 mmol/L (↓)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH): 0.9 pmol/L (↓)
25-hydroxy vitamin D: 80 nmol/L (normal)
Which one of the following is the best next step?
A 39-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, aborta 0, presents with concerns that a friend has recently suffered from postpartum psychosis. She wonders if she is likely to suffer this disorder following delivery of her 2nd child. Which one of the following is most likely to increase your patient ' s risk?
A 94-year-old woman with severe dementia is referred for vaginal bleeding and a persistent foul odour from the vagina. She lives in a long-term care facility. She has been using a ring pessary for the past 15 years. Her current pessary has not been replaced in 2 years. On examination, there is moderate vaginal atrophy. After removing the pessary, which one of the following is the best next step?
A 78-year-old man presents to the office with urinary hesitancy, straining to void his bladder, and a sensation of incomplete bladder emptying. On history, he has a BMI of 36 and type 2 diabetes. Which one of the following medications would most likely help the patient’s symptoms?
A 2.5-year-old boy is brought to the Emergency Department after he consumed a button-shaped battery. Chest and abdomen radiographies are performed. Which one of the following locations mandates urgent removal of the battery?
You are treating a 78-year-old man for recent onset of diarrhea, tenesmus, and minor bleeding when he wipes. He has a history of prostate cancer that was treated by radiotherapy. Rectal examination findings are normal. Colonoscopy reveals a pale rectum with ulcerations and areas of mucosal hemorrhage. Which one of the following is the most likely explanation for this clinical presentation?
A 17-year-old boy is brought by his 2 roommates to the emergency department (ED) after a party where he had been drinking and smoking cannabis. He reportedly was having a good time when he suddenly wanted to jump out of a window. His roommates describe him as “normal prior to a breakup with his girlfriend a week ago.” He has since become anxious and unable to sleep. On examination, he is somnolent and appears intoxicated. Which one of the following is the most appropriate initial management?
A 14-year-old girl is brought to the Emergency Department with a 20-minute history of difficulty breathing that started during a school assembly. She has had similar symptoms 3 times in the last 2 weeks. These episodes develop rapidly and resolve gradually over several minutes. She reports tingling in her fingers and toes. On examination, her vital signs are as follows:
Blood pressure
120/80 mm Hg
Heart rate
100/min
Respiratory rate
22/min
Oxygen saturation on room air
95%
Temperature
36.9 °C, orally
Apart from mildly dilated pupils, her examination is otherwise normal. Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A 45-year-old man with confusion is brought to the Emergency Department by ambulance. He has end-stage renal disease and has missed his last 3 dialysis appointments. He also has a past medical history of antisocial personality disorder and hepatitis C. On examination, he is in respiratory distress. His blood pressure is 170/90 mm Hg, and his oxygen saturation is 84% on room air. His jugular venous pressure is 8 cm above the sternal angle, and he has crackles in his lungs bilaterally. A venous blood gas shows a bicarbonate of 11 mmol/L (24–30) and potassium of 7.1 mmol/L (3.5–5.0). Which one of the following is the best next step?
A 70-year-old woman consults you for progressive vision problems. She describes seeing haloes at night around street lights and having double vision. Her near vision has improved. Which one of the following is an ophthalmologic examination most likely to uncover?
