Pass the Amazon Web Services AWS Certified Specialty SCS-C02 Questions and answers with ValidTests

To ensure that the EC2 instances are logged, the security engineer should do the following:

Use AWS DNS resolvers for all EC2 instances. This allows the security engineer to use Amazon-provided DNS servers that resolve public DNS hostnames to private IP addresses within their VPC, and that log DNS queries in Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

Restrict Access Using S3 Bucket Policy:

Use the aws:SourceVpc condition key in the S3 bucket policy to ensure that requests are only allowed from the specified VPC ID.

Example Bucket Policy:

The following bucket policy ensures requests originate from the same VPC:{"Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": "*","Action": "s3:*","Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket","arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"],"Condition": {"StringEquals": {"aws:SourceVpc": "vpc-xxxxxxxx"}}}]}

The following bucket policy ensures requests originate from the same VPC:{"Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": "*","Action": "s3:*","Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket","arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"],"Condition": {"StringEquals": {"aws:SourceVpc": "vpc-xxxxxxxx"}}}]}

The following bucket policy ensures requests originate from the same VPC:{"Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": "*","Action": "s3:*","Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket","arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"],"Condition": {"StringEquals": {"aws:SourceVpc": "vpc-xxxxxxxx"}}}]}

The following bucket policy ensures requests originate from the same VPC:{"Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": "*","Action": "s3:*","Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket","arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"],"Condition": {"StringEquals": {"aws:SourceVpc": "vpc-xxxxxxxx"}}}]}

The following bucket policy ensures requests originate from the same VPC:{"Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": "*","Action": "s3:*","Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket","arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"],"Condition": {"StringEquals": {"aws:SourceVpc": "vpc-xxxxxxxx"}}}]}

The following bucket policy ensures requests originate from the same VPC:{"Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": "*","Action": "s3:*","Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket","arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"],"Condition": {"StringEquals": {"aws:SourceVpc": "vpc-xxxxxxxx"}}}]}

The following bucket policy ensures requests originate from the same VPC:{"Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": "*","Action": "s3:*","Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket","arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"],"Condition": {"StringEquals": {"aws:SourceVpc": "vpc-xxxxxxxx"}}}]}

The following bucket policy ensures requests originate from the same VPC:{"Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": "*","Action": "s3:*","Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket","arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"],"Condition": {"StringEquals": {"aws:SourceVpc": "vpc-xxxxxxxx"}}}]}

The following bucket policy ensures requests originate from the same VPC:{"Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": "*","Action": "s3:*","Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket","arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"],"Condition": {"StringEquals": {"aws:SourceVpc": "vpc-xxxxxxxx"}}}]}

The following bucket policy ensures requests originate from the same VPC:{"Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": "*","Action": "s3:*","Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket","arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"],"Condition": {"StringEquals": {"aws:SourceVpc": "vpc-xxxxxxxx"}}}]}

The following bucket policy ensures requests originate from the same VPC:{"Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": "*","Action": "s3:*","Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket","arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"],"Condition": {"StringEquals": {"aws:SourceVpc": "vpc-xxxxxxxx"}}}]}

The following bucket policy ensures requests originate from the same VPC:{"Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": "*","Action": "s3:*","Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket","arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"],"Condition": {"StringEquals": {"aws:SourceVpc": "vpc-xxxxxxxx"}}}]}

The following bucket policy ensures requests originate from the same VPC:{"Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": "*","Action": "s3:*","Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket","arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"],"Condition": {"StringEquals": {"aws:SourceVpc": "vpc-xxxxxxxx"}}}]}

The following bucket policy ensures requests originate from the same VPC:{"Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": "*","Action": "s3:*","Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket","arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"],"Condition": {"StringEquals": {"aws:SourceVpc": "vpc-xxxxxxxx"}}}]}

The following bucket policy ensures requests originate from the same VPC:{"Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": "*","Action": "s3:*","Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket","arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"],"Condition": {"StringEquals": {"aws:SourceVpc": "vpc-xxxxxxxx"}}}]}

The following bucket policy ensures requests originate from the same VPC:{"Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": "*","Action": "s3:*","Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket","arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"],"Condition": {"StringEquals": {"aws:SourceVpc": "vpc-xxxxxxxx"}}}]}

The following bucket policy ensures requests originate from the same VPC:{"Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": "*","Action": "s3:*","Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket","arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"],"Condition": {"StringEquals": {"aws:SourceVpc": "vpc-xxxxxxxx"}}}]}

The following bucket policy ensures requests originate from the same VPC:{"Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": "*","Action": "s3:*","Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket","arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"],"Condition": {"StringEquals": {"aws:SourceVpc": "vpc-xxxxxxxx"}}}]}

The following bucket policy ensures requests originate from the same VPC:{"Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": "*","Action": "s3:*","Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket","arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"],"Condition": {"StringEquals": {"aws:SourceVpc": "vpc-xxxxxxxx"}}}]}

The following bucket policy ensures requests originate from the same VPC:{"Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": "*","Action": "s3:*","Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket","arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"],"Condition": {"StringEquals": {"aws:SourceVpc": "vpc-xxxxxxxx"}}}]}

The following bucket policy ensures requests originate from the same VPC:{"Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": "*","Action": "s3:*","Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket","arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"],"Condition": {"StringEquals": {"aws:SourceVpc": "vpc-xxxxxxxx"}}}]}

The following bucket policy ensures requests originate from the same VPC:{"Version": "2012-10-17","Statement": [{"Effect": "Allow","Principal": "*","Action": "s3:*","Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket","arn:aws:s3:::example-bucket/*"],"Condition": {"StringEquals": {"aws:SourceVpc": "vpc-xxxxxxxx"}}}]}

Advantages:

Prevents misuse of credentials in unauthorized VPCs.

Adds an additional layer of security by limiting S3 access to specific VPCs.

Test and Validate:

Verify that only requests from the allowed VPC can access the S3 bucket.

References:

AWS S3 Bucket Policy Conditions

AWS Condition Keys for S3

To meet the requirement of changing the key material for new files whenever a potential key breach occurs, the most appropriate solution would be to create a new customer managed key, add a key rotation schedule to the key, and invoke the key rotation schedule every time the security team requests a key change.

References: : Rotating AWS KMS keys - AWS Key Management Service

Action for Amazon Cognito User Pools:

Update the password policy in the Cognito user pool configuration.

Set the required minimum password length and other password complexity settings as needed.

Navigate to Amazon Cognito > User Pools > Policies, and configure the password requirements.

Action for On-Premises Active Directory:

Update the password policy in the on-premises Active Directory.

Use Group Policy Management to configure the minimum password length.

Apply the updated policy to all relevant organizational units (OUs).

IAM Password Policy:

Note that IAM does not manage Active Directory or Cognito password policies. Instead, focus on federated configurations and user pool settings.

References:

Amazon Cognito User Pool Policies

Active Directory Password Policy

NACL acts as a firewall at the subnet level of the VPC and we can deny the offending IP address block at the subnet level using NACL rules to block the incoming traffic to the VPC instances. Since NACL rules are applied as per the Rule numbers make sure that this rule number should take precedence over other rule numbers if there are any such rules that will allow traffic from these IP ranges. The lowest rule number has more precedence over a rule that has a higher number.

The IAM Documentation mentions the following as a best practices for IAM users

For extra security, enable multi-factor authentication (MFA) for privileged IAM users (users who are allowed access to sensitive resources or APIs). With MFA, users have a device that generates a unique authentication code (a one-time password, or OTP). Users must provide both their normal credentials (like their user name and password) and the OTP. The MFA device can either be a special piece of hardware, or it can be a virtual device (for example, it can run in an app on a smartphone).

Options C is invalid because these options are not available

Option D is invalid because there is not root access for users

For more information on IAM best practices, please visit the below URL:

https://docs.IAM.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/best-practices.html

The correct answer is: Modify the Network ACLs associated with all public subnets in the VPC to deny access from the IP Address block.

omit your Feedback/Queries to our Experts

The correct answer is D. Change the existing CloudTrail trail so that it applies to all Regions.

According to the AWS documentation1, you can configure CloudTrail to deliver log files from multiple Regions to a single S3 bucket for a single account. To change an existing single-Region trail to log in all Regions, you must use the AWS CLI and add the --is-multi-region-trail option to the update-trail command2. This will ensure that you log global service events and capture all management event activity in your account.

Option A is incorrect because creating a new CloudTrail trail for each Region will incur additional costs and increase operational overhead. Option B is incorrect because changing the S3 bucket to receive notifications will not affect the delivery of log files from other Regions. Option C is incorrect because creating a new CloudTrail trail that applies to all Regions will result in duplicate log files for the original Region and also incur additional costs.

"If you copy an encrypted snapshot across Regions, you must specify a KMS key valid in the destination AWS Region. It can be a Region-specific KMS key, or a multi-Region key." https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/AuroraUserGuide/aurora-copy-snapshot.html#aurora-copy-snapshot.Encryption